Understanding A1 certificates
A1 certificates are essential for employees who travel or commute across borders for work. They provide proof of which country’s social security system covers the employee during their time abroad.
Difference between Article 12 and Article 13 A1 certificates
Article 12 A1 (Standard A1): This is intended for individuals working for a limited period of time outside their employment country. Each trip requires a separate A1 certificate, ensuring compliance for short-term assignments or business trips.
Article 13 A1 (Multistate employment for commuters): This applies to employees who regularly work in multiple countries and commuters who live in one country and work in another.
WorkFlex Social Security Statement
The WorkFlex Social Security Statement contains the same information as the A1/CoC, with the added benefit that it is issued immediately, as it bypasses the processing time of the authorities. With the WorkFlex Social Security Statement, the employee is still travelling in compliance with the law, and WorkFlex bears the liability.
Here is how the documents appear on the trip: the Social Security Statement is issued directly, as soon as the request is fully approved. The A1/CoC application is then submitted to the authority in the employee's social security country, within one business day. Once the authority issues the certificate, we remove the application from the trip and upload the certificate in its place. The Social Security Statement remains on the trip - it is not removed or replaced.
A trip that shows a Social Security Statement alongside a pending application is therefore in the expected state: the employee is covered and can travel while the authority processes the application.
At WorkFlex, we currently support A1 certificates and Certificates of Coverage (CoC) in 37 countries. Our goal is to make this process as seamless as possible. However, social security administrations vary widely between countries, and at times we may need your support to ensure a successful application.
This article gives insights based on our practical experience, it mainly summarizes:
✅ What we cover in each country
⏱ Expected processing times
⚠️ Current challenges and requirements
📝 For country-specific info, click on the country
WorkFlex processing time:
When it comes to submitting the A1/CoC application; At WorkFlex, geography does not impact speed. All applications - across all supported countries - are submitted within one (1) business day from the final approval/request completion date.
How to read these tables: the A1 and CoC columns show the processing time of the authority in the employee's social security country (their home or payroll country), not the destination country.
N/A means WorkFlex does not apply for that document type in that country. It does not mean the processing time is unknown, and it must never be taken from the other column: if the CoC column shows N/A, that country has no CoC processing time, even though it has an A1 one.
Some countries are A1 only. Others are CoC only - this applies to the United States, Chile, Peru, Uruguay and Canada, which are all supported countries even though their A1 column shows N/A.
Where a cell says Varies, we cannot give a figure in advance and the case has to be checked individually - please contact the WorkFlex team rather than assuming a timeframe.
🇪🇺 European Union & EFTA Countries
Social Security Country (home country/payroll country) | A1 Processing Time | CoC Processing Time | Method | Notes / Challenges |
Hungary 🇭🇺 | 6 months | 6 months | Post | Long trailing times, no authorization for follow up, and the employer receives the certificate; and too early for further assessment |
2 weeks | N/A | Online | Too early for full assessment | |
Germany 🇩🇪 | ~5 working days (up to 8+ weeks for multi-state) | 8+ working days | Online | Detailed documents often requested |
Switzerland 🇨🇭 | Instant | 2–3 working days | Online | One of the fastest systems |
Netherlands 🇳🇱 | Up to 2 months | N/A | Online | Long lead time; apply early |
Austria 🇦🇹 | ~5 working days | Up to 2 weeks | Online | – |
Ireland 🇮🇪 | 2–4 weeks | N/A | Online | – |
Spain 🇪🇸 | 1 day – 1 week (it may take longer in summer) | 1 day - 2 weeks (it may take longer in summer) | Online (RED system for A1 and Digital Certificate for CoC) | Different system based on the destination country. Authorities may require extra documents. |
Italy 🇮🇹 | 1 month | 1 month | Online | Additional documents are required from employees |
Poland 🇵🇱 | 2 weeks – 2 months | N/A | Online | Timing depends on employer address; payroll proof may be requested |
Latvia 🇱🇻 | 4–6 weeks | N/A | Online | – |
Slovakia 🇸🇰 | 2-4 weeks | N/A | Online | New process; Employment contract required; limited practical experience |
Norway 🇳🇴 | ~1 week | ~1 week | Online | - |
Denmark 🇩🇰 | ~4 months | ~4 months | Employment contract required for each application | |
Croatia 🇭🇷 | 1 month | N/A | Post | Employer must sign questionnaire; postage adds cost; and the A1 certificate is sent directly to the client |
Sweden 🇸🇪 | 1–3 months | 1-3 months | Post | Requires 2 POAs; certificate sent directly to employee |
Finland 🇫🇮 | 1 day | 1 day | – | |
France 🇫🇷 | 1 day | 1 day | Online | Too early for full assessment |
Estonia 🇪🇪 | ~4-5 weeks | N/A | Post | Too early for full assessment |
Iceland 🇮🇸 | ~1 month | N/A | Too early for full assessment | |
Lithuania 🇱🇹 | ~4-5 weeks | N/A | Post | Certificate sent to client |
Malta 🇲🇹 | Usually 1 day | N/A | Online | Employer must complete questionnaire |
1-2 months | 1-2 months | Extensive information required; Employment contract required; missing data stops application | ||
Portugal 🇵🇹 | 4-6 weeks | N/A | Online | Takes a long time to issue. Authorities typically ask for extra documents. |
Cyprus 🇨🇾 | 6–8 weeks | N/A | Post | Employer questionnaire + 2 PoAs required; certificate sent to employer |
Luxembourg 🇱🇺 | 2 weeks | N/A | Email and/or Post | Certificate sent to employer |
Bulgaria 🇧🇬 | 6 Weeks | 6 weeks | Post | The certificate is issued on site, and picked up by the employer/employee |
Romania 🇷🇴 | 2 months | N/A | Online | Long processing time, extensive documentation required, and too early for full assessment |
Slovenia 🇸🇮 | 1 week | N/A | Online | Extensive documentation required; and too early for full assessment |
Belgium 🇧🇪 | N/A | N/A | Online | Too early for full assessment |
Greece 🇬🇷 | Varies | N/A | The length of the process and how complex it is depends on the local social security office that the employer belongs to |
🌎 Non-EU Countries
Social Security Country (home country/ payroll country) | A1 Processing Time | CoC Processing Time | Method | Notes / Challenges |
~4 months | N/A | Online | – | |
N/A | ~3 months | Online | – | |
Chile 🇨🇱 | N/A | Varies | Online | Depends on bilateral agreement |
Peru 🇵🇪 | N/A | Varies | Online | Depends on bilateral agreement |
Uruguay 🇺🇾 | N/A | Varies | Online | Depends on bilateral agreement |
Canada 🇨🇦 | N/A | 90 days | Post | Too early for full assessment |
🌐 Other Countries
WorkFlex can explore coverage options upon request. Each case depends on whether a bilateral agreement exists between the home country and the host country.
💡 Key Takeaways
WorkFlex supports A1 and CoC coverage in 37 countries, each with its own turnaround times, requirements, and challenges.
A Power of Attorney (POA) is always required for us to act on your behalf.
In some countries, we also need an employer questionnaire with details such as local headcount or other company-specific data. These are not arbitrary requests—this information is part of the official application and the only reason we ask for it.
For online application portals, we require your authorization to access the system. During onboarding, if you have entities in countries where this applies, we provide a step-by-step guide so you can grant us the necessary access.
Your timely provision of documents and information is essential for avoiding delays.
By sharing these requirements transparently, we aim to manage expectations and ensure smoother cooperation.
